Create my own searx search engine
go to https://searx.space/
Create and RSS feed of my site and subscribe to other feeds.
Follow these sites:
https://denshi.org/ https://drewdevault.com/ https://opensourcemusings.com/support https://www.mrmoneymustache.com/
http://thedarnedestthing.com/vim/wiki%20cheatsheet
[[../Security/firefox_hardening]]
Here are my highlights pulled up in Vim:
As you can see, Bookfusion gives you a lok of extra information when you export highlights. First, let’s get rid of the lines that begin with ##
Enter command mode in Vim by pressing esc. Then type :g/^##/d and press enter.
Much better.
Now let’s get rid of the color references: :g/^Color/d`
To get rid of the timestamps, we must find a different commonality between the lines. In this case, each line ends with “UTC”. Let’s match that: g/UTC$/d
Where $ matches the end of the line.
Now, I want to get rid of the > on each line:
%s/> //g
Almost there, you’ll notice there are 6 empty lines in between each highlight. Let’s shrink those down into one:
:%s/\(\n\)\{3,}/\r\r/g
The command above matches newline character n 3 or more times and replaces them with two newline characters /r/r.
As we scroll down, I see a few weird artifacts from the book conversion to markdown.
Now, I want to get rid of any carrot brackets in the file. Let’s use the substitute command again here:
%s/<//g
Depending on your book and formatting. You may have some other stuff to edit.
This is a step-by-step guide to setting up Nextcloud on a Debian server. You will need a server hosted by a VPS like Vultr. And a Domain hosted by a DNS provider such as Cloudflare
Nextcloud is so many things. It offers so many features and options, it deserves a bulleted list:
It is also free and open source. This mean the source code is available to all. And hosting yourself means you can guarantee that your data isn’t being shared.
As you can see. Nextcloud is feature packed and offers an all in one solution for many needs. The set up is fairly simple!
sudo apt update sudo apt install software-properties-common ca-certificates lsb-release apt-transport-https sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list' wget -qO - https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg | sudo apt-key add - https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-php-8-2-on-debian/?expand_article=1 (This is also part of the other dependencies install command below)
sudo apt install php8.2 apt install -y nginx python3-certbot-nginx mariadb-server php8.2 php8.2-{fpm,bcmath,bz2,intl,gd,mbstring,mysql,zip,xml,curl}Adding more child processes for PHP to use:
vim /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
# update the following parameters in the file
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 120
pm.start_servers = 12
pm.min_spare_servers = 6
pm.max_spare_servers = 18systemctl enable mariadb --nowNextcloud needs some tables setup in order to store information in a database. First set up a secure sql database:
mysql_secure_installationSay “Yes” to the prompts and enter root password:
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n]: Y
Change the root password? [Y/n]: Y # enter password.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]: Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]: Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]: Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]: YSign in to your SQL database with the password you just chose:
mysql -u root -pWhile signed in with the mysql command, enter the commands below one at a time. Make sure to replace the username and password. But leave localhost as is:
CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;
GRANT ALL ON nextcloud.* TO 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;Obtain an SSL certificate. See my website setup post for information about Certbot and nginx setup.
certbot certonly --nginx -d nextcloud.example.comYou will need to have a domain name set up for your server. I use Cloudflare to manage my DNS records. You will want to make a CNAME record for your nextcloud subdomain.
Just add “nextcloud” as the name and “yourwebsite.com” as the content. This will make it so “nextcloud.yourwebsite.com”. Make sure to select “DNS Only” under proxy status.
Edit your sites-available config at /etc/nginx/sites-available/nextcloud. See comments in the following text box:
vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/nextcloud
# Add this to the file:
# replace example.org with your domain name
# use the following vim command to make this easier
# :%s/example.org/perfectdarkmode.com/g
# ^ this will replace all instances of example.org with perfectdarkmode.com. Replace with yur domain
upstream php-handler {
server unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
"" "";
default "immutable";
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name nextcloud.example.org ;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name nextcloud.example.org ;
root /var/www/nextcloud;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/nextcloud.example.org/fullchain.pem ;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/nextcloud.example.org/privkey.pem ;
client_max_body_size 512M;
client_body_timeout 300s;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
client_body_buffer_size 512k;
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;
location = / {
if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
}
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location ^~ /.well-known {
location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
location /.well-known/pki-validation { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
}
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/) { return 404; }
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { return 404; }
location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
# Required for legacy support
rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
}
location ~ \.(?:css|js|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
location ~ \.wasm$ {
default_type application/wasm;
}
}
location ~ \.woff2?$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
expires 7d;
access_log off;
}
location /remote {
return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
}
}Create a link between the file you just made and /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/nextcloud /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/Download the latest Nextcloud version. Then extract into /var/www/. Also, update the file’s permissions to give nginx access:
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.tar.bz2
tar -xjf latest.tar.bz2 -C /var/www
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud
chmod -R 755 /var/www/nextcloud<systemctl enable php8.2fpm --now](><--may not need this.
# Do need this->
sudo systemctl enable php8.2-fpm.service --nowsystemctl reload nginxHere is a built in Nextcloud tool just in case things break. Here is a guide on troubleshooting with occ. The basic command is as follows:
sudo -u www-data php /var/www/nextcloud/occAdd this as an alias in ~/.bashrc for ease of use.
Go to your nextcloud domain in a browser. In my case, I head to nextcloud.perfectdarkmode.com. Fill out the form to create your first Nextcloud user:
Now that you are signed in. Here are a few things you can do to start you off:
Install the desktop client (Fedora)
Sudo dnf install nextcloudclientInstall on other distros: https://help.nextcloud.com/t/install-nextcloud-client-for-opensuse-arch-linux-fedora-ubuntu-based-android-ios/13657
This may break things with filepaths so beware. Now you are ready to use and explore nextcloud. Here is a video from TechHut to get you started down the NextCloud rabbit hole.
/var/www/nextcloud/.user.ini php_value upload_max_filesize = 16G php_value post_max_size = 16G
Put Nextcloud in maintenance mode: Edit config/config.php and change this line:
'maintenance' => true,
Empty table oc_file_locks: Use tools such as phpmyadmin or connect directly to your database and run (the default table prefix is oc_, this prefix can be different or even empty):
DELETE FROM oc_file_locks WHERE 1
mysql -u root -p
MariaDB [(none)]> use nextcloud;
MariaDB [nextcloud]> DELETE FROM oc_file_locks WHERE 1;
*figure out redis install if this happens regularly* [https://docs.nextcloud.org/server/13/admin_manual/configuration_server/caching_configuration.html#id4 9.1k](https://docs.nextcloud.org/server/13/admin_manual/configuration_server/caching_configuration.html#id4)Make sure Go is installed
go versionCreate a new site
hugo new site sitename
cd sitenameInitialize your site as a module
hugo mod init sitenameConfirm
cat go.modAdd the module as a dependency using it’s git link
hugo mod get github.com/McShelby/hugo-theme-relearnConfirm
cat go.modadd the theme to config.toml
# add this line to config.toml and save
theme = ["github.com/McShelby/hugo-theme-relearn"]Confirm by viewing site
hugo serve
# visit browser at http://localhost:1313/ to view siteAdding a new “chapter” page
hugo new --kind chapter Chapter/_index.mdAdd a home page
hugo new --kind home _index.mdAdd a default page
hugo new <chapter>/<name>/_index.mdor
hugo new <chapter>/<name>.mdYou will need to change some options in _index.md
+++
# is this a "chaper"?
chapter=true
archetype = "chapter"
# page title name
title = "Linux"
# The "chapter" number
weight = 1
+++Adding a “content page” under a category
hugo new basics/first-content.mdCreate a sub directory:
hugo new basics/second-content/_index.mdAdd these to your config.toml file and edit as you please
[params]
# This controls whether submenus will be expanded (true), or collapsed (false) in the
# menu; if no setting is given, the first menu level is set to false, all others to true;
# this can be overridden in the pages frontmatter
alwaysopen = true
# Prefix URL to edit current page. Will display an "Edit" button on top right hand corner of every page.
# Useful to give opportunity to people to create merge request for your doc.
# See the config.toml file from this documentation site to have an example.
editURL = ""
# Author of the site, will be used in meta information
author = ""
# Description of the site, will be used in meta information
description = ""
# Shows a checkmark for visited pages on the menu
showVisitedLinks = false
# Disable search function. It will hide search bar
disableSearch = false
# Disable search in hidden pages, otherwise they will be shown in search box
disableSearchHiddenPages = false
# Disables hidden pages from showing up in the sitemap and on Google (et all), otherwise they may be indexed by search engines
disableSeoHiddenPages = false
# Disables hidden pages from showing up on the tags page although the tag term will be displayed even if all pages are hidden
disableTagHiddenPages = false
# Javascript and CSS cache are automatically busted when new version of site is generated.
# Set this to true to disable this behavior (some proxies don't handle well this optimization)
disableAssetsBusting = false
# Set this to true if you want to disable generation for generator version meta tags of hugo and the theme;
# don't forget to also set Hugo's disableHugoGeneratorInject=true, otherwise it will generate a meta tag into your home page
disableGeneratorVersion = false
# Set this to true to disable copy-to-clipboard button for inline code.
disableInlineCopyToClipBoard = false
# A title for shortcuts in menu is set by default. Set this to true to disable it.
disableShortcutsTitle = false
# If set to false, a Home button will appear below the search bar on the menu.
# It is redirecting to the landing page of the current language if specified. (Default is "/")
disableLandingPageButton = true
# When using mulitlingual website, disable the switch language button.
disableLanguageSwitchingButton = false
# Hide breadcrumbs in the header and only show the current page title
disableBreadcrumb = true
# If set to true, hide table of contents menu in the header of all pages
disableToc = false
# If set to false, load the MathJax module on every page regardless if a MathJax shortcode is present
disableMathJax = false
# Specifies the remote location of the MathJax js
customMathJaxURL = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"
# Initialization parameter for MathJax, see MathJax documentation
mathJaxInitialize = "{}"
# If set to false, load the Mermaid module on every page regardless if a Mermaid shortcode or Mermaid codefence is present
disableMermaid = false
# Specifies the remote location of the Mermaid js
customMermaidURL = "https://unpkg.com/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"
# Initialization parameter for Mermaid, see Mermaid documentation
mermaidInitialize = "{ \"theme\": \"default\" }"
# If set to false, load the Swagger module on every page regardless if a Swagger shortcode is present
disableSwagger = false
# Specifies the remote location of the RapiDoc js
customSwaggerURL = "https://unpkg.com/rapidoc/dist/rapidoc-min.js"
# Initialization parameter for Swagger, see RapiDoc documentation
swaggerInitialize = "{ \"theme\": \"light\" }"
# Hide Next and Previous page buttons normally displayed full height beside content
disableNextPrev = true
# Order sections in menu by "weight" or "title". Default to "weight";
# this can be overridden in the pages frontmatter
ordersectionsby = "weight"
# Change default color scheme with a variant one. Eg. can be "auto", "red", "blue", "green" or an array like [ "blue", "green" ].
themeVariant = "auto"
# Change the title separator. Default to "::".
titleSeparator = "-"
# If set to true, the menu in the sidebar will be displayed in a collapsible tree view. Although the functionality works with old browsers (IE11), the display of the expander icons is limited to modern browsers
collapsibleMenu = false
# If a single page can contain content in multiple languages, add those here
additionalContentLanguage = [ "en" ]
# If set to true, no index.html will be appended to prettyURLs; this will cause pages not
# to be servable from the file system
disableExplicitIndexURLs = false
# For external links you can define how they are opened in your browser; this setting will only be applied to the content area but not the shortcut menu
externalLinkTarget = "_blank"Supports a variety of [Code Syntaxes] To select the syntax, wrap the code in backticks and place the syntax by the first set of backticks.
```bash
echo hello
\```Tags are displayed in order at the top of the page. They will also display using the menu shortcut made further down.
Add tags to a page:
+++
tags = ["tutorial", "theme"]
title = "Theme tutorial"
weight = 15
+++Add to config.toml with the chosen theme for the “style” option:
[markup]
[markup.highlight]
# if `guessSyntax = true`, there will be no unstyled code even if no language
# was given BUT Mermaid and Math codefences will not work anymore! So this is a
# mandatory setting for your site if you want to use Mermaid or Math codefences
guessSyntax = false
# choose a color theme or create your own
style = "base16-snazzy"add the following to config.toml
[outputs]
home = ["HTML", "RSS", "PRINT", "SEARCH"]
section = ["HTML", "RSS", "PRINT"]
page = ["HTML", "RSS", "PRINT"]This theme has a bunch of editable customizations called partials. You can overwrite the default partials by putting new ones in /layouts/partials/.
to customize “partials”, create a “partials” directory under site/layouts/
cd layouts
mkdir partials
cd partialsYou can find all of the partials available for this theme here
Create logo.html in /layouts/partials
vim logo.htmlAdd the content you want in html. This can be an img html tag referencing an image in the static folder. Or even basic text. Here is the basic syntax of an html page, adding “Perfect Dark Mode” as the text to display:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h3>Perfect Dark Mode</h3>
</body>
</html>static/images/ folder and name it favicon.svg, favicon.png or favicon.ico respectively.If no favicon file is found, the theme will lookup the alternative filename logo in the same location and will repeat the search for the list of supported file types.
If you need to change this default behavior, create a new file in layouts/partials/ named favicon.html. Then write something like this:
<link rel="icon" href="/images/favicon.bmp" type="image/bmp">In your config.toml file edit the themeVariant option under [params]
themeVariant = "relearn-dark"There are some options to choose from or you can custom make your theme colors by using this stylesheet generator
Menu Shortcuts Add a [[menu.shortcuts]] entry for each link
[[menu.shortcuts]]
name = "<i class='fab fa-fw fa-github'></i> GitHub repo"
identifier = "ds"
url = "https://github.com/McShelby/hugo-theme-relearn"
weight = 10
[[menu.shortcuts]]
name = "<i class='fas fa-fw fa-camera'></i> Showcases"
url = "more/showcase/"
weight = 11
[[menu.shortcuts]]
name = "<i class='fas fa-fw fa-bookmark'></i> Hugo Documentation"
identifier = "hugodoc"
url = "https://gohugo.io/"
weight = 20
[[menu.shortcuts]]
name = "<i class='fas fa-fw fa-bullhorn'></i> Credits"
url = "more/credits/"
weight = 30
[[menu.shortcuts]]
name = "<i class='fas fa-fw fa-tags'></i> Tags"
url = "tags/"
weight = 40Word Press is great, but it is probably a lot more bloated then you need for a personal website. Enter Hugo, it has less server capacity and storage needs than Word Press. Hugo is a static site generator than takes markdown files and converts them to html.
Hosting your own website is also a lot cheaper than having a provider like Bluehost do it for you. Instead of $15 per month, I am currently paying $10 per year.
This guide will walk through building a website step-by-step.
I use Vultr as my VPS. When I signed up they had a $250 credit towards a new account. If you select the cheapest server (you shouldn’t need anything else for a basic site) that comes out to about $6 a month. Of course the $250 credit goes towards that which equates to around 41 months free.
Head to vultr.com. Create and account and Select the Cloud Compute option.
Under CPU & Storage Technology, select “Regular Performance”. Then under “Server Location, select the server closest to you. Or closest to where you think your main audience will be.
Under Server image, select the OS you are most comfortable with. This guide uses Debian.
Under Server Size, slect the 10GB SSD. Do not select the “IPv6 ONLY” option. Leave the other options as default and enter your server hostname.
On the products page, click your new server. You can find your server credentials and IPv4 address here. You will need these to log in to your server.
Log into your sever via ssh to test. From a Linux terminal run:
ssh username@serveripaddressThen, enter your password when prompted.
I got my domain perfectdarkmode.com from Cloudflare.com for about $10 per year. You can check to see available domains there. You can also check https://www.namecheckr.com/ to see iof that name is available on various social media sites.
In CloudFlare, just click “add a site” and pick a domain that works for you. Next, you will need your server address from earlier.
Under domain Registration, click “Manage Domains”, click “manage” on your domain. One the sidebar to the right, there is a qucik actions menu. Click “update DNS configuration”.
Click “Add record”. Type is an “A” record. Enter the name and the ip address that you used earlier for your server. Uncheck “Proxy Status” and save.
You can check to see if your DNS has updated on various DNS severs at https://dnschecker.org/. Once those are up to date (after a couple minutes) you should be able to ping your new domain.
[davidthomas@fedora posts]$ ping perfectdarkmode.com
PING perfectdarkmode.com (104.238.140.131) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 104.238.140.131.vultrusercontent.com (104.238.140.131): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=33.2 ms
64 bytes from 104.238.140.131.vultrusercontent.com (104.238.140.131): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=28.2 ms
64 bytes from 104.238.140.131.vultrusercontent.com (104.238.140.131): icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=31.0 msNow, you can use the same ssh command to ssh into your vultr serverusing your domain name.
ssh username@domain.comHugo is a popular open-source static site generator. It allows you to take markdown files, and builds them into and html website. To start go to https://gohugo.io/installation/ and download Hugo on your local computer. (I will show you how to upload the site to your server later.)
Pick a theme The theme I use is here https://themes.gohugo.io/themes/hugo-theme-hello-friend-ng/
You can browse your own themes as well. Just make sure to follow the installation instructions. Let’s create a new Hugo site. Change into the directory where you want your site to be located in. Mine rests in ~/Documents/.
cd ~/Documents/Create your new Hugo site.
hugo new site site-nameThis will make a new folder with your site name in the ~/Documents directory. This folder will have a few directories and a config file in it.
archetypes config.toml content data layouts public resources static themesFor this tutorial, we will be working with the config.toml file and the content, public, static, and themes. Next, load the theme into your site directory. For the Hello Friend NG theme:
git clone https://github.com/rhazdon/hugo-theme-hello-friend-ng.git themes/hello-friend-ngNow we will load the example site into our working site. Say yes to overwrite.
cp -a themes/hello-friend-ng/exampleSite/* .The top of your new config.toml site now contains:
baseURL = "https://example.com"
title = "Hello Friend NG"
languageCode = "en-us"
theme = "hello-friend-ng"Replace your baseURL with your site name and give your site a title. Set the enableGlobalLanguageMenu option to false if you want to remove the language swithcer option at the top. I also set enableThemeToggle to true so users could set the theme to dark or light.
You can also fill in the links to your social handles. Comment out any lines you don’t want with a “#” like so:
[params.social](params.social)
name = "twitter"
url = "https://twitter.com/"
[params.social](params.social)
name = "email"
url = "mailto:nobody@example.com"
[params.social](params.social)
name = "github"
url = "https://github.com/"
[params.social](params.social)
name = "linkedin"
url = "https://www.linkedin.com/"
# [params.social](params.social)
# name = "stackoverflow"
# url = "https://www.stackoverflow.com/"You may also want to edit the footer text to your liking. I commented out the second line that comes with the example site:
[params.footer]
trademark = true
rss = true
copyright = true
author = true
topText = []
bottomText = [
# "Powered by <a href=\"http://gohugo.io\">Hugo</a>",
# "Made with ❤ by <a href=\"https://github.com/rhazdon\">Djordje Atlialp</a>"
]Now, move the contents of the example contents folder over to your site’s contents folder (giggidy):
cp -r ~/Documents/hugo/themes/hello-friend-ng/exampleSite/content/* ~/Documents/hugo/content/Let’s clean up a little bit. Cd into ~/Documents/hugo/content/posts. Rename the file to the name of your first post. Also, delete all of the other files here:
cd ~/Documents/hugo/contents/posts
mv goisforlovers.md newpostnamehere.md
find . ! -name 'newpostnamehere.md' -type f -exec rm -f {} +Open the new post file and delete everything after this:
+++
title = "Building a Minimalist Website with Hugo"
description = ""
type = ["posts","post"]
tags = [
"hugo",
"nginx",
"ssl",
"http",
"vultr",
]
date = "2023-03-26"
categories = [
"tools",
"linux",
]
series = ["tools"]
[ author ]
name = "David Thomas"
+++You will need to fill out this header information for each new post you make. This will allow you to give your site a title, tags, date, categories, etc. This is what is called a TOML header. TOML stands for Tom’s Obvious Minimal Language. Which is a minimal language used for parsing data. Hugo uses TOML to fill out your site.
Save your doc and exit. Next, there should be an about.md page now in your ~/Documents/hugo/Contents folder. Edit this to edit your about page for your site. You can use this Markdown Guide if you need help learning markdown language. https://www.markdownguide.org/
Let’s test the website by serving it locally and accessing it at localhost:1313 in your web browser. Enter the command:
hugo serveHugo will now be generating your website. You can view it by entering localhost:1313 in your webbrowser.
You can use this to test new changes before uploading them to your server. When you svae a post or page file such as your about page, hugo will automatically update the changes to this local page if the local server is running.
Press “Ctrl + c” to stop this local server. This is only for testing and does not need to be running to make your site work.
Okay, your website is working locally, how do we get it to your server to host it online? We are almost there. First, we will use the hugo command to build opur website in the public folder. Then, we will make a copy of our public folder on our server using rsync. I will also show you how to create an alias so you do not have to remember the rsync command every time.
From your hugo site folder run:
[davidthomas@fedora hugo]$ hugo
Start building sites …
hugo v0.98.0+extended linux/amd64 BuildDate=unknownNote: To insert an image into your post. Add the image to your ~/Documents/hugo/static directory. Then reference the image in your post like this: | EN
-------------------+-----
Pages | 30
Paginator pages | 0
Non-page files | 0
Static files | 16
Processed images | 0
Aliases | 15
Sitemaps | 1
Cleaned | 0
Total in 65 msNext, we will put your public hugo folder into /var/www/ on your server. Here is how to do that with an alias. Open ~/.bashrc.
vim ~/.bashrcAdd the following line to the end of the file, making sure to replace the username and server name:
# My custom aliases
alias rsyncp='rsync -rtvzP ~/Documents/hugo/public/ username@myserver.com:/var/www/public'Save and exit the file. Then tell bash to update it’s source config file.
source ~/.bashrcNow your can run the command by just using the new alias any time. Your will need to do this every time you update your site locally.
rsyncpInstall nginx
apt update
apt upgrade
apt install nginxcreate an nginx config file in /etc/nginx/sites-available/
vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/publicYou will need to add the following to the file, update the options, then save and exit:
server {
listen 80 ;
listen [::]:80 ;
server_name example.org ;
root /var/www/mysite ;
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html ;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404 ;
}
}Enter your domain in “server_name” line in place of “example.org”. Also, point “root” to your new site file from earlier. (/var/www/public). Then save and exit.
Link this site-available config file to sites-enabled to enable it. Then restart nginx:
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/public /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
systemctl reload nginxWe will need to make sure nginx has permissions to your site folder so that it can access them to serve your site. Run:
chmod 777 /var/www/publicYou will need to make sure your firewall allows port 80 and 443. Vultr installs the ufw program by default. But your can install it if you used a different provider. Beware, enabling a firewalll could block you from accessing your vm, so do your research before tinkering outside of these instructions.
ufw allow 80
ufw allow 443We will want to hide your nginx version number on error pages. This will make your site a bit harder for hackers to find exploits. Open your Nginx config file at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf and remove the “#” before “server_tokens off;”
Enter your domain into your browser. Congrats! You now have a running website!
Right now, our site uses the unencrypted http. We want it to use the encrypted version HTTPS (HTTP over SSL). This will increase user privacy, hide usernames and passwords used on your site, and you get the lock symbol by your URL name instead of “!not secure”.
apt install python3-certbot-nginxcertbot --nginxFill out the information, certbot asks for your emaill so it can send you a reminder when the certs need to be renewed every 3 months. You do not need to consent to giving your email to the EFF. Press 1 to select your domain. And 2 too redirect all connections to HTTPS.
Certbot will build out some information in your site’s config file. Refresh your site. You should see your new fancy lock icon.
crontab -eSelect a text editor and add this line to the end of the file. Then save and exit the file:
0 0 1 * * certbot --nginx renewYou now have a running website. Just make new posts locally, the run “hugo” to rebuild the site. And use the rsync alias to update the folder on your server. I will soon be making tutorials on making an email address for your domain, such as david@perfectdarkmode.com on my site. I will also be adding a comments section, RSS feed, email subscription, sidebar, and more.
Feel free to reach out with any questions if you get stuck. This is meant to be an all encompassing guide. So I want it to work.
Create assets folder in main directory.
Create images folder in /assets
Access image using hugo pipes
{{ $image := resources.Get "images/test-image.jpg" }}
<img src="{{ ( $image.Resize "500x" ).RelPermalink }}" />I couldn’t find a guide on how to set up Calibre web step-by-step as a Docker container. Especially not one that used Nginx as a reverse proxy.
The good news is that it is really fast and simple. You’ll need a few tools to get this done:
First, sync your local Calibre library to a folder on your server:
rsync -avuP your-library-dir root@example.org:/opt/calibre/
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker.io
Create a Docker network
sudo docker network create calibre_network
Create a Docker volume to store Calibre Web data
sudo docker volume create calibre_data
Pull the Calibre Web Docker image
sudo docker pull linuxserver/calibre-web
Start the Calibre Web Docker container
sudo docker run -d \
–name=calibre-web \
–restart=unless-stopped \
-p 8083:8083 \
-e PUID=$(id -u) \
-e PGID=$(id -g) \
-v calibre_data:/config \
-v /opt/calibre/Calibre:/books \
–network calibre_network \
linuxserver/calibre-web
Create the site file
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/calibre-web
Add the following to the file
server { listen 80;
server_name example.com; # Replace with your domain or server IP location /
{
proxy_pass http://localhost:8083;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
} }
Enable the site
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/calibre-web /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
Restart Nginx
sudo service nginx restart
Make sure to set up a cname record for your site with your DNS provider such as: calibre.example.com
Install ssl cert using certbot
certbot –nginx
Head to the site at https://calibre.example.com and log in with default credentials:
username: admin
password: admin123
Select /books as the library directory. Go into admin settings and change your password.
Whenever you add new books to your server via the rsync command from earlier, you will need to restart the Calibre Web Docker container. Then restart Nginx.
sudo docker restart calibre-web
systemctl restart nginx
That’s all there is to it. Feel free to reach out if you have issues.