Storage DYI Labs
Lab 13-1: Create and Remove Partitions with parted
Create a 100MB primary partition on one of the available 250MB disks (lsblk) by invoking the parted utility directly at the command prompt. Apply label “msdos” if the disk is new.
[root@server20 ~]# sudo parted /dev/sdb mklabel msdos
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to
continue?
Yes/No? yes
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@server20 ~]# sudo parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1 101m
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.Create another 100MB partition by running parted interactively while ensuring that the second partition won’t overlap the first.
[root@server20 ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.5
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkpart primary 101 201m Verify the label and the partitions.
(parted) print
Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 262MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 101MB 99.6MB primary
2 101MB 201MB 101MB primaryRemove both partitions at the command prompt.
[root@server20 ~]# sudo parted /dev/sdb rm 1 rm 2Lab 13-2: Create and Remove Partitions with gdisk
Create two 80MB partitions on one of the 250MB disks (lsblk) using the gdisk utility. Make sure the partitions won’t overlap.
Command (? for help): o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): y
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 512000 sectors, 250.0 MiB
Model: VBOX HARDDISK
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 226F7476-7F8C-4445-9025-53B6737AD1E4
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 511966
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 511933 sectors (250.0 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-511966, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-511966, default = 511966) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +80M
Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2): 2
First sector (34-511966, default = 165888) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 165888
Last sector (165888-511966, default = 511966) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +80M
Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'Verify the partitions.
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 512000 sectors, 250.0 MiB
Model: VBOX HARDDISK
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 226F7476-7F8C-4445-9025-53B6737AD1E4
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 511966
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 184253 sectors (90.0 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 165887 80.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem
2 165888 329727 80.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystemSave
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.Delete the partitions
Command (? for help): d
Partition number (1-2): 1
Command (? for help): d
Using 2
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.Lab 13-3: Create Volume Group and Logical Volumes
initialize 1x250MB disk for use in LVM (use lsblk to identify available disks).
root@server2 ~]# sudo parted /dev/sdd mklabel msdos
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdd will be destroyed and all data
on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@server2 ~]# sudo parted /dev/sdd mkpart primary 1 250m
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@server2 ~]# sudo parted /dev/sdd print
Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 262MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 250MB 249MB primary
[root@server2 ~]# sudo pvcreate /dev/sdd1
Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.(Can also just use the full disk without making it into a partition first.)
Create volume group vg100 with PE size 16MB and add the physical volume.
[root@server2 ~]# sudo vgcreate -vs 16 vg100 /dev/sdd1
Wiping signatures on new PV /dev/sdd1.
Adding physical volume '/dev/sdd1' to volume group 'vg100'
Creating volume group backup "/etc/lvm/backup/vg100" (seqno 1).
Volume group "vg100" successfully createdCreate two logical volumes lvol0 and swapvol of sizes 90MB and 120MB.
[root@server2 ~]# sudo lvcreate -vL 90 vg100
Creating logical volume lvol0
Archiving volume group "vg100" metadata (seqno 1).
Activating logical volume vg100/lvol0.
activation/volume_list configuration setting not defined: Checking only host tags for vg100/lvol0.
Creating vg100-lvol0
Loading table for vg100-lvol0 (253:2).
Resuming vg100-lvol0 (253:2).
Wiping known signatures on logical volume vg100/lvol0.
Initializing 4.00 KiB of logical volume vg100/lvol0 with value 0.
Logical volume "lvol0" created.
Creating volume group backup "/etc/lvm/backup/vg100" (seqno 2).
[root@server2 ~]# sudo lvcreate -l 8 -n swapvol vg100
Logical volume "swapvol" created.Use the vgs, pvs, lvs, and vgdisplay commands for verification.
[root@server2 ~]# lvs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g
swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g
lvol0 vg100 -wi-a----- 90.00m
swapvol vg100 -wi-a----- 120.00m
[root@server2 ~]# vgs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.00g 0
vg100 1 2 0 wz--n- 225.00m 15.00m
[root@server2 ~]# pvs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- <19.00g 0
/dev/sdd1 vg100 lvm2 a-- 225.00m 15.00m
[root@server2 ~]# vgdisplay
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg100
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 225.00 MiB
PE Size 15.00 MiB
Total PE 15
Alloc PE / Size 14 / 210.00 MiB
Free PE / Size 1 / 15.00 MiB
VG UUID fEUf8R-nxKF-Uxud-7rmm-JvSQ-PsN1-Mrs3zc
--- Volume group ---
VG Name rhel
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID UiK3fy-FGOc-2fnP-C1Y6-JS0l-irEe-Sq3c4hLab 13-4: Expand Volume Group and Logical Volume
Create a partition on an available 250MB disk and initialize it for use in LVM (use lsblk to identify available disks).
[root@server2 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel msdos
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@server2 ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1 250m
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.Add the new physical volume to vg100.
[root@server2 ~]# sudo vgextend vg100 /dev/sdb1
Device /dev/sdb1 has updated name (devices file /dev/sdd1)
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
Volume group "vg100" successfully extendedExpand the lvol0 logical volume to size 300MB.
[root@server2 ~]# lvextend -L +210 /dev/vg100/lvol0
Size of logical volume vg100/lvol0 changed from 90.00 MiB (6 extents) to 300.00 MiB (20 extents).
Logical volume vg100/lvol0 successfully resized.Use the vgs, pvs, lvs, and vgdisplay commands for verification.
[[root@server2 ~]# lvs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g
swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g
lvol0 vg100 -wi-a----- 90.00m
swapvol vg100 -wi-a----- 120.00m](<[root@server20 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root rhel -wi-ao---- %3C17.00g
swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g
lvol0 vg100 -wi-a----- 300.00m
swapvol vg100 -wi-a----- 120.00m>)
[root@server2 ~]# vgs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.00g 0
vg100 2 2 0 wz--n- 450.00m 30.00m
[root@server2 ~]# pvs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 rhel lvm2 a-- <19.00g 0
/dev/sdb1 vg100 lvm2 a-- 225.00m 30.00m
/dev/sdd1 vg100 lvm2 a-- 225.00m 0
[root@server2 ~]# lvs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g
swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g
lvol0 vg100 -wi-a----- 300.00m
swapvol vg100 -wi-a----- 120.00m
[root@server2 ~]# vgdisplay
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg100
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 450.00 MiB
PE Size 15.00 MiB
Total PE 30
Alloc PE / Size 28 / 420.00 MiB
Free PE / Size 2 / 30.00 MiB
VG UUID fEUf8R-nxKF-Uxud-7rmm-JvSQ-PsN1-Mrs3zc
--- Volume group ---
VG Name rhel
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID UiK3fy-FGOc-2fnP-C1Y6-JS0l-irEe-Sq3c4h
Lab 13-5: Add a VDO Logical Volume
initialize the sdf disk for use in LVM and add it to vgvdo1.
[root@server2 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
[root@server2 ~]# sudo vgextend vgvdo1 /dev/sdc
Volume group "vgvdo1" successfully extendedCreate a VDO logical volume named vdovol using the entire disk capacity.
[root@server2 ~]# lvcreate --type vdo -n vdovol -l 100%FREE vgvdo1
WARNING: LVM2_member signature detected on /dev/vgvdo1/vpool0 at offset 536. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping LVM2_member signature on /dev/vgvdo1/vpool0.
Logical blocks defaulted to 523108 blocks.
The VDO volume can address 2 GB in 1 data slab.
It can grow to address at most 16 TB of physical storage in 8192 slabs.
If a larger maximum size might be needed, use bigger slabs.
Logical volume "vdovol" created.Use the vgs, pvs, lvs, and vgdisplay commands for verification.
[root@server2 ~]# vgs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB123ecea1-63467dee PVID RjcGRyHDIWY0OqAgfIHC93WT03Na1WoO last seen on /dev/sdd1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBa5e3cbf7-10921e08 PVID qeP9dCevNnTy422I8p18NxDKQ2WyDodU last seen on /dev/sdf1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID brKVLFEG3AoBzhWoso0Sa1gLYHgNZ4vL last seen on /dev/sdb1 not found.
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.00g 0
vgvdo1 2 2 0 wz--n- <5.24g 248.00mLab 13-6: Reduce and Remove Logical Volumes
reduce the size of vdovol logical volume to 80MB.
[root@server2 ~]# lvreduce -L 80 /dev/vgvdo1/vdovol
No file system found on /dev/vgvdo1/vdovol.
WARNING: /dev/vgvdo1/vdovol: Discarding 1.91 GiB at offset 83886080, please wait...
Size of logical volume vgvdo1/vdovol changed from 1.99 GiB (510 extents) to 80.00 MiB (20 extents).
Logical volume vgvdo1/vdovol successfully resized.
[root@server2 ~]# lvs
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID none last seen on /dev/sdd2 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB123ecea1-63467dee PVID RjcGRyHDIWY0OqAgfIHC93WT03Na1WoO last seen on /dev/sdd1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBa5e3cbf7-10921e08 PVID qeP9dCevNnTy422I8p18NxDKQ2WyDodU last seen on /dev/sdf1 not found.
Devices file sys_wwid t10.ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB428913dd-446a194f PVID brKVLFEG3AoBzhWoso0Sa1gLYHgNZ4vL last seen on /dev/sdb1 not found.
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g
swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g
vdovol vgvdo1 vwi-a-v--- 80.00m vpool0 0.00
vpool0 vgvdo1 dwi------- <5.00g 60.00
[root@server2 ~]# erase logical volume vdovol.
[root@server2 ~]# lvremove /dev/vgvdo1/vdovol
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vgvdo1/vdovol? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "vdovol" successfully removed.Confirm the deletion with vgs, pvs, lvs, and vgdisplay commands.
Lab 13-7: Remove Volume Group and Physical Volumes
\remove the volume group and uninitialized the physical volumes.
[root@server2 ~]# vgremove vgvdo1
Volume group "vgvdo1" successfully removed[root@server2 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully wiped.
[root@server2 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdf
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdf" successfully wiped.Confirm the deletion with vgs, pvs, lvs, and vgdisplay commands.
Use the lsblk command and verify that the disks used for the LVM labs no longer show LVM information.
[root@server2 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 250M 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 250M 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 250M 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 250M 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 5G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 9.8G 0 rom